Significance Of Behaviorism And Behaviorism Essay - 925 Words

Significance of Behaviorism A rebellion against structuralism and functionalism began in 1913 with what was known as Behaviorism. This revolution was initiated by John B Watson in 1878 to 1958 (Ettinger, Reed, 2013). According to the book Psychology Explaining Human Behavior (2013), Behaviorism is a scientific approach to the study of behavior that emphasizes the relationship between environmental events and an organism’s behavior. The goal of Behaviorism is to recognize the process by which stimuli and responses become linked or related with how we learn. Watson arose to believe that it was impossible to study the mind objectively, the complex human behavior could be evaluated in terms of simple learned associations which led to the early goals of Behaviorism. Ettinger and Reed (2013), suggested the early goal of behaviorism was to discover the rules of association and how combinations of simple association lead to complex behavior. Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov and an American psychologist Edward Thorndike were both influenced by Watson’s work. This led to new ways of investigating and clues to the rules of association. Behaviorism was profound as an influence on many American psychologists which they began to call themselves behaviorists. Behaviorism is characterized by its insistence upon an empirical, objective science of behaviorism that has no need for theories of mind or personal freedom (Ettinger, Reed, 2013). American psychologist B.F Skinner had aShow MoreRelatedSignificance Of Behaviorism And Functionalism947 Words   |  4 PagesSignificance of Behaviorism A rebellion against structuralism and functionalism began in 1913 with what was known as Behaviorism. This revolution was initiated by John B Watson in 1878 to 1958 (Ettinger, Reed, 2013). According to the book Psychology Explaining Human Behavior (2013), Behaviorism is a scientific approach to the study of behavior that emphasizes the relationship between environmental events and an organism’s behavior, (Ettinger, Reed, 2013). The goal of Behaviorism is to recognizeRead MoreBehaviorism And The First American Psychological Revolution963 Words   |  4 PagesBehaviorism Behaviorism has been a topic of many controversies in the early stages of developing. This paper will present a synthesis of several articles discussing behaviorisms and its development through various schools of theories, in addition known researchers and conclusions. The first article that illustrates behaviorism is, â€Å"Behaviorism at 100† by Ledoux (2012), which details the last 50 years of the study of behaviorism. The next article is â€Å"Behaviorism† by Moore (2011), maps the beginningRead MoreBehaviorism1675 Words   |  7 Pagesthis philosophy you will see what I have noticed or feel what teachers should do when it pertains to the student and their education. Behaviorism in the psychology sense is a movement in psychology and philosophy that emphasized the outward behavioral aspects of thought and dismissed the inward experiential, and sometimes the inner procedural aspects. Behaviorism in the educational sense is primarily concerned with observable and measurable aspects of human behavior. In defining behavior, behavioristRead MoreThe Ambiguity Of Behaviorism : Human Equality And Freedom Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pages The Ambiguity of Behaviorism: Human Equality and Freedom YI TSAM MARY KONG University of British Columbia The Ambiguity of Behaviorism: Human Equality and Freedom Behaviorism on learning and memory occupies an important position in the history of psychology. John B. Watson is the father of behaviorism while B.F. Skinner is the most famous behaviorist of the twentieth century. Watson’s methodological behaviorism means that it is only the behaviors of an individual thatRead MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1054 Words   |  5 Pagesshare similar thoughts and ideas. Throughout this analysis the author explains the interdisciplinary perspective in relation to cognitive psychology, the emergence of cognitive psychology as a discipline, and the impact of the decline of behaviorism on the discipline of cognitive psychology. Interdisciplinary Perspective Many sub disciplines contain cognition that is based on the root of psychology. According to Riegler Riegler (2008) cognitive psychology is the center focus â€Å"withinRead MoreThe Diver810 Words   |  4 PagesEdna Foster The Diverse Nature of Psychology The diverse nature of psychology begins with making a difference in a diverse setting. This involves the implementation of critical psychology concepts, subdisciplines and subtopics, motivation, behaviorism, and cognition. Moreover, these subdisciplines and subtopics may be applied to other disciplines in contemporary society. In addition, this paper will include the subdisciplines and subtopics to theoretical perspectives, and concludes with theRead MoreWhy Humans Develop Their Psychological Attributes Based On Genetics ( Nature ) Or Their Environment1085 Words   |  5 Pagesenvironment and how they were raised (nurture) are two controversial issues in central psychology within psychologist and philosophers. For centuries, the disputation between nature and nurture surged on regards to which one of the two has a greater significance: ‘The inborn nature of the individual or the environmental influences that nurture the individual’.( Hockenbury, Don; Hockenbury, Sand ra E.. Discovering Psychology (Page 3). Although there have been debates on both issues, psychologist acceptedRead More The Relevance of Behavioral Psychology to Instructional Technology1503 Words   |  7 PagesThe Relevance of Behavioral Psychology to Instructional Technology Behavioral Psychology Defined John Watson wrote a paper in the Psychological Review in 1913 and defined behavioral psychology or behaviorism as †¦a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselvesRead More John Watson2019 Words   |  9 PagesDoctorate degree in 1903. Dr. John Watson was blessed with his first born child called Mary in 1905 a year he was enrolled in John Hopkins University as an associate professor in psychology. This is where he was recognized to be the founder of Behaviorism as a school of thought in psychology due to his enormous contribution to this field. While he was at John Hopkins University, he was also hired to be an instructor in his former college the University of Chicago. In the year 1913, Dr. John WatsonRead MoreAn Influential Psychologists Of All Times906 Words   |  4 Pagesof family trouble and lack of success. After becoming discontent with his literary skills, and inspired by John B. Watson and Ivan Pavlov’s Behaviorism, he obtained a degree in psychology from Harvard University in 1928. Soon after, Skinner graduated with his PhD from Harvard in 1931, which led him to the development of his influential operant behaviorism ( ). B. F. Skinners had many contributions within in his career. To begin with, he was a prominent researcher in Harvard University till 1936

Urban Design Profiles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2168 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/24 Category Management Essay Level High school Tags: Profile Essay Did you like this example? Abstract How is an urban designer defined? Recently the role of the urban designer has become distinguished from the architect or planner as urban design has taken a very important role in public space. The approach of the urban designer has thus changed to think holistically, where the focus has shifted to creating public spaces that increase the capacity to support equitable and well-designed environments. The comparison and contrast between two design professionals will help to better understand the role of the urban designer: Le Corbusier, who is a more traditional urban designer, and Katherine Darnstadt a non-traditional urban designer who is practicing in Chicago Illinois. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Urban Design Profiles" essay for you Create order We will specifically look at the comparison of their design approach, how the designer intends their project for public use, and also how their work has impacted society. The study of these two designers will begin to re-frame the role of the urban designer. Katherine Darnstadt Katherine Darnstadt is a young practicing architect in Chicago Illionis who has begun to re-define urban design. She has taken a very humble approach to the design of public space in an effort to support equitable spaces for communities. The American Institute of Architects called Darnstadt a shining example of the next generations citizen-architect (Fixsen, 2015). She is the current and managing principal of Latent Design, a small architecture practice that was conceived in the wake of the 2008 great recession. Katherine, who had just been laid off, a newly wed, and also pregnant, thought that having a small architecture firm would keep her afloat through the economic down turn, of which it did (Fixsen, 2015). She has now been recognized by the AIA from the Young architect of the year award in 2014 and has also been distinguished on the 40 under 40 list in the Chicago Business Journal. Her firm works at the intersection of design and community development in order to create social, economic and environmental impact (Latent, 2017). Katherine Darnstadt has begun to re-define the role of the urban designer and there contribution to society. Her firm utilizes the skills of architects, product designers, graphic designers, and also construction managers becoming a collective group working toward the better design of cities. She stated in an interview with architectural record Design can validate initiatives and ideas. And it can highlight where policies and systems are failing, we design for gaps (Fixsen, 2015). Katherine believes that architecture can extend beyond buildings and that the true design of our urban environments is the space between here or there (Darnstadt, 2014). She sees the scrapes left-over in the urban environment by in-effective systems are the most crucial part of communities, in which these spaces become a the common thread. She also believes that by making design visible we can begin to change the perception of our communities. Stated in her TED X talk; Design in the foil of our cities and it reflects the latent condition of our environments (Darnstadt, 2014). She goes on to include that when designing spaces we must understand the context before we can move forward (Darnstadt, 2014). By understand the inequities within the space we can begin to make informed decisions about the design. Additionally design then becomes a verb or action, in which new systems of architecture can reverse the inequities the existing framework or systems. The work created by Katherine Darnstadt and her associates at latent design epitomize urban design, as they work to reinvigorate underutilized public spaces and combat the prevalent issues of our society and communities. One project that exemplifies these ideals and that is literally designed between the gaps is the Boombox. The Boombox takes on the typology of a micro-store that looks to make accessible storefront space for small businesses that is also cost effective (Rodkin, 2018). This allows smaller businesses to sell their products in prime storefront locations that were previously seen as inaccessible based on economic feasibility. The reason that the Boombox is able to bridge this gap is based on its sized and flexibility to accommodate multiple vendors and locations. It utilizes the structure of a storage container to create a climate controlled volume which increases ease of transportation (Rodkin, 2018). Furthermore the micro-store creates economic diversity because the sp ace its utilized by smaller businesses, which in turn also creates stability within the Chicago economic market (Rodkin, 2018). The new urban design typology created by Katherine and her teams has challenged the conventional store typology, creating an equitable solution for small business growth and diversity in Chicago. Project Boombox is a small portion of the continuing project called Activate Chicago. Activate Chicago is an ongoing program, in partnership with Latent design and the Chicago department of transportation, to create events with the city of Chicago to increase community and economic engagement in underutilized public space (Activate). The majority of the public sites have ended up in the possession of the Chicago department of transportation when streets were added to the grid and other were closed and most spaces receive little to no activity (Byrne 2017). Project activate usually introduces events as design completions that target these un-used public space in an attempt to beautify or solve existing community problems. In 2012 the competition yielded a vertical play structure and garden that integrated into a part of larger housing development garden (Latent, 2017). Another competition in 2014 created a temporary installation in the community of Pilsen, set forth by Jameson Skaife and Eric Koffler the design unitlized seating elements in a larger mural (latent, 2017). The initiative set by Katherine and hers associates in an attempt to create community engagement through activation of city space is key example of why she is a perfect example of an urban designer. Le Corbusier Le Corbusier whos original name was Charles-Edouard Jeanneret, is characterized usually as an architect, urban planner, and artist. He was one of the most influential designers of architecture and urban design in the modernist period. His conception of the raumplan and architectural manifesto have completely changed the way buildings are designed and constructed today (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 14-15). His works ranging from Villa Savoye to Unite Habitation have been extensively studied and have also influenced the minds of many decades of designers. Additionally his master planning of urban cities pushed the boundaries of innovation in his attempts to design the future and increase the quality of life for people in urban spaces. Le Corbusiers principals of urban design encouraged the quality life, especially for the working class, this can be seen in his voisin plan of paris or in Unite Habitation (Scully, 1969 pp 167-168). Le Corbusiers fundamental ideas towards urban designer include the decongestion of the downtown or center of cities, the increase densification of living, the increased capacity of circulation and the increased area of landscaped spaces (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 316-317). His principals and urban planning proposals also challenged the classism structure of urban cities and instead tried to adopt a system that was based on family size (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 316-317). These designer principals are most evident is the Corbusiers plan of 3 million people in 1922, in which the urban design of an ideal city is expressed (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 316-317). Corbusier was headed to a new ideal city that reduced the cluster of tightly packed urban fabric and instead opened the organization to alleviate the confines from the urban fabric. His urban design introduced ideas of biophilia and encouraged the dissociation of the automobile before this was popular. High densi ty living eradicated urban sprawl and reduced commuting distances to and from the city. One of Le Corbusiers famous urban designer proposals was that of the Radiant City or la Ville Radieuse. The designed was very forward thinking for 1935 in which he proposed that all the building in his plan be lifted off the ground to allow for one hundred percent of the ground area to be utilized by the public (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 332). His radiant city strove to create a complete disconnect with the pedestrian the automobile in to increase human health and safety. Additionally the density of living unites or unites and skyscrapers would be increased and the compact density of streets and corridors would be widen to allow for external green space for recreation and non-congested circulation (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 332). I figure printed in 1935 shows the density of the Radiant city in comparison to New York, Paris and Buenos Aires, all of which completely succumb to the openness of the Corbusiers plan (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 332). Large scale models were produced in order for people really understand the gravity of the proposal. The principals and ideas of the radiant city soon took on reality when in 1952 Corbusier began to design and plan the city of Chandigarh in India. The small city, was planned as a horizontal city, with the majority of its main buildings made of concrete and unitizing a brise soleil along the elevations to combat the hot and humid summers (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 197). The plan of the Chandigarh created much open space to allow for further expansion of the city as Corbusier anticipated the event of sprawl, due to the automobile and Indias inadequate transportation infrastructure (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 197). The most monumental piece of design within Chandigarh is that of the esplanade which connects parliament to high court (Boesiger Girsberger, 1999, pp. 229). This corridor give the formalistic gesture of the design principals used in the creation of Chandigarh; the modulor, the harmonic spiral, the daily path, the jeu di soleil, the open hand, etc. (Boesiger Gir sberger, 1999, pp. 229). This traditional and formalistic gesturers give the unknown preseption of urban design. Identification of Correlating and Dissimilar Ideals Le Corbusier and Katherine Darnstadt are both very similar urban designers in the sense that they both respond to the delinquencies of society through design. Their responses are very different and are determinate of time period and stylistic approach. For instance in the 1930s when the radiant city was conceived the idea of large skyscrapers blocking out the sun was a concern to many urban dwellers. Hence the reason why Corbusiers design of increased dwelling density and widen circulation corridors. However Corbusier was also looking ahead to other issue of urban cities including the circulation of the automobile, urban sprawl and access to public green space, all of which are main problems that our society faces today. Much of Corbusiers work has been a response to these concerns; Katherines work is also a response to economic and social inequality in our current society. The Boombox is a response to an inequity of public space use and also an economy that doesnt support small busi ness. Katherine approach to allocating flexible micro-stores for small business creates a more diverse economy and utilizes otherwise unused public space. The approach used by Le Corbusier and Katherine Darnstadt in response to society is much different from a stylistic perspective. Corbusier is very formalistic in his design, as shown in the design of Chandigarh, India we can see how his abstraction of principals superimposed onto the esplanade is his way of communicating his response. Katherine, on the other hand has a very functional and also humble approach to design. In her ted talk, she stated that have a building to call her own design was not important, rather she is more interested in the impact that her design has made. Between both urban designers however you can see functional design; we can see this in Corbusier principals of universal design and his extensive use of concrete. Katherines use of recycled materials like storage containers as a means of structure for the Boombox gives a functional approach to here design. Corbusier and Katherine are both interested in creating positive change through innovative design. Both designers have created new typologies of urban design to radically change and promote positive health in urban dwellings. For Kathrine it is seen as being a societal equity of urban space while, Corbusiers was looking to create new ideas for urban principals for cities through his urban planning proposals. Katherine and Corbusier are both generalized as architects because of their professional practice. Corbusier is seen a more traditional designer, because of his design approach and traditional practice within architecture firms. However Katherine is seen more as a non-traditional urban designer because of her involvement with new building typologies and humble approach to design. References Activate! Chicago. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.activate-chi.org/ Boesiger, W., Girsberger, H. (1999). Le Corbusier 1910-65. Basel: Birkh user. Byrne, J. (2017, March 03). Emanuels people plazas program struggling to achieve liftoff. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ct-rahm-emanuel-people-plazas-met-20170226-story.html Darnstadt, K. (2014, December 12). Interstitial Systems. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aj1PcU4GhNU (posted by TED) Fixsen, A. (2017, March 03). Katherine Darnstadt. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.architecturalrecord.com/articles/12321-katherine-darnstadt?v=preview Latent Design Corporation. (2017). Latent Design. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.latentdesign.net/ Rodkin, D. (2018, June 07). How one architect is helping neighborhood startups open their first shops. Retrieved October 14, 2018, from https://www.chicagobusiness.com/article/20180607/ISSUE01/180609908/architect-darnstadt-turns-shipping-containers-into-micro-stores Scully, V. J. (1969). American architecture and urbanism. New York: Trinity University Press. doi:70-76793

Marketing Plan for the Body Shop - 7278 Words

The Marketing Plan for Tea Tree Concealer (THE BODY SHOP) Module Code/Name: BUS4005 / Marketing Date of Submission: 5th December 2012 ------------------------------------------------- Executive Summary Concealer is very popular and its market growth stable because of concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009, is this marketing plan’s character. Tea Tree Concealer is a handy portable stick to conceal blemishes which without over drying the skin. It also produce with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Based on the SWOT analysis of Tea Tree†¦show more content†¦Conclusion | 20 | 9. Bibliography | 21 | 10. Appendices | 22 - 28 | ------------------------------------------------- Introduction â€Å"Do you want to be more beautiful?† Without doubt, ladies want to show the most beautiful face to others; therefore, they use lots of cosmetics, such as concealer, face primer, eye primer, lipgloss and eyebrow pencil. A lot of people strongly believed that concealer is the most useful cosmetics than others, because concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. It is an important character which it can give people a better appearance. Thus, we decided to have a marketing plan for the concealer. Moreover, organic issue is very popular that it started in the past few years, for example, organic food and the products must produce with organic materials. So, we decided that the concealer must produce with organic materials. Finally, The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009, has been the character in this marketing plan because Tea Tree Concealer is a concealer which it produces with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin The Body Shop uses the gender segmentation that the consumer market is mainly women. We can know from the lots of products collections are mainly decided for female, for instance, Vineyard Peach, Extra Virgin Minerals etc. Although cosmetics’ consumerShow MoreRelatedThe year 2006, Marketing Plan for The Body Shop International3233 Words   |  13 Pagesyear 2006 Marketing Plan for The Body Shop International consists of: The view of present company situation. Company managed to successfully market itself for 3 decades as well as expand very fast through retail franchising model. Constant product development has shown positive results in sales. Trading relationships with communities in need has enabled company to outsource high quality sustainable and relatively cheap materials. Growth Model. Acquisition of independent The Body Shop franchiseeRead MoreStrategies of Body Shop1258 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent challenges and issues in the twenty-first century. Now I want to have a brief introduction of different issues including Globalization, Consumerism, Price War, Green Marketing, Tailor-Made Products and Copied Product. After I will further elaborate the Green Marketing issue which illustrate the example of The Body Shop. Globalization Many companies changed from local competition to globalized competition. They have developed truly global operations, making and selling their product worldwideRead MoreExtreme Body Auto Care1596 Words   |  7 PagesIn this paper, I will tell you about Extreme Body Auto Care’s branding, pricing, and distribution strategy. Who are our major competitors and their strengths and weaknesses. Also, our differentiation strategy, our company’s intentions, types of social media and integrated marketing that we used. Extreme Body Auto Care, branding, pricing and distribution plan Key Components for Prosperous Business †¢ Offer our customer’s a one stop auto care, collision and performance need with high detailedRead MoreValue Chain Analysis of the bodyshop1064 Words   |  5 Pagesin support activities, the Body Shop has developed long-term sustainable trading relationships with key suppliers and created a special purchasing programme-Community Trade. This programme trades with communities in needs around the world and receives ingredients and accessories directly from the developing countries. The Body Shop substantially benefits from the community trade since more raw materials can be found for inclusion in the best-selling products (The Body Shop Values Reporting, 2003).Read MoreThe Reasons for The Body Shops International Success1188 Words   |  5 PagesThe Body Shop is a retailer of health and cosmetic items. Product categories include skin care, bath body, hair, make-up, fragrance, home fragrance and mens (The Body Shop, 2012). The company operates proprietary stores in which to sell its wares, which are branded with the Body Shop brand. The Body Shop started in England and is now owned by LOreal. The company has over 2600 locations in over 50 countries. The companys revenues for FY 2010 were 754 million, and the company recorded an operatingRead MoreShea Butters African Origins1719 Words   |  7 Pagesoutlets as well as global firms such as The Body Shop emphasize shea butter s African origins (Elias Garney 2007). 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Ethical- Anitas personal and moral beliefs into her work is that she is against animal testing and made a great effort to make sureRead MoreMarketing Management Essay1685 Words   |  7 PagesMarketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. (Kotler et al, 2003:13). Marketing is a key aspect within a business and has several different functions. Some of these functions include, research, analysis, promotion, pricing and distribution. These functions lead into the evolution of the five alternative concepts under which organisations conduct marketing activitiesRead MoreThe Use of Promotion Strategy770 Words   |  4 PagesPromotion Strategy: The effective use of all the tools of marketing mix help a company to create, communicate and deliver value to potential customers. Promotion the fourth element of the marketing mix is generally divided into five differential tools, all of which contribute to the achievement of marketing objectives. These are: 1. Advertising: paid for space, time or material that promotes any company’s product or service. 2. Sales Promotion: short term incentives and offers that encourage peopleRead MoreA Report On The Marketing Strategy Of 1 Retailer Of Mobile / Online Subscription Service Available Online929 Words   |  4 Pagesonline. Its goal is to offer the virtual fitting room stylist at a discounted price, providing prompt and outstanding customer service through its knowledgeable staff. The company will revolutionize the way people shop by providing people with a fun, time saving, and simple way to shop. Keys to Success Key to success for Mix2Match is connected to technology and keeping the online apps updated as the market and consumer demands change. The apps need to attract the users, so the company can test the

Theoretical Self Analysis Essay - 1590 Words

Erik Erikson composed a theory of psychological development that was composed of eight stages. Erikson’s theory focuses on how personalities evolve throughout life as a result of the interaction between biologically based maturation and the demands of society. According to Erikson, â€Å"Each stage of human development presents its characteristic crises. Coping well with each crisis makes an individual better prepared to cope with the next.† (Zastrow Kirst-Ashman, 2013, p. 314) According to Erikson’s eight stages of development, I have only been through six of the eight stages. Stage one of Erikson’s psychosocial theory is called â€Å"Basic Trust versus Basic Mistrust.† This stage ranges from birth to eighteen months of age. According to†¦show more content†¦Till this day I rant to my mother about how unfair it was that my brothers got to continue on with their extracurricular activities and I did not. Her response would always be â€Å" if your father was your dance teacher than you could have kept doing it.† She says that the only reason they continued with football was because my father was the coach. Therefore, during stage four of my life I would say that I had experienced industry and inferiority rather than one versus the other simply because of the things I endured. The next stage of Erikson’s psychosocial theory is stage five, â€Å"Identity versus Role Confusion.† This stage is according to Erikson, â€Å"Adolescence is a time when young people explore who they are and establish their identity. It is the transition period from childhood to adulthood when people examine the various roles they play and integrate these roles into a perception of self, an identity. Some people are unable to integrate their many roles and have difficulty coping with conflicting roles; they are said to suffer from role confusion. 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Hence, I would like to emphasize that Psychologist should not overlook Conceptual Critiques in their theoretical works as it in fact, helps their theory to be stronger and reliable. Thirdly, we shall consider the Piaget’s Child Development theory as another type of example on Conceptual Critiques. Particularly, in his theory, Piaget stated a critical distinctionRead MoreInteraction Ritual by Erving Goffman1369 Words   |  6 Pagesthe humanities and social sciences (The Times Higher Education Guide, 2007). ‘On face-work’ is Goffman’s first essay from his book entitled ‘Interaction Ritual: Essays on Face-to-face Behavior’ which was originally written in 1955. It considers the approaches to human interaction alongside five more essays featured in this book and focuses on the concept of the face. His essay on face-work offers an analytic study which explores interaction as a ritual process. It is instrumental in providingRead More Two Conceptions of Freedom or Two Appearances of a single Conception?565 Words   |  3 Pages In his essay quot;Two Concepts of Liberty,quot; Isaiah Berlin distinguishes between two conceptions of freedom, namely negative and positive conception of freedom. Basically he defines negative liberty as the absence of coercion. He states: quot;To coerce a man is to deprive him of freedomquot; (121). According to him, coercion is the intention to interfere in the freedom of an individual. Thus, absence of coercion is absence of d eliberate, intentional coercion. For him, negative liberty requires

Comparative Free Essays

Though we are all equipped with the ability of loving someone, but the flow of love we let out is different from one to another. Besides, we can also clearly observe a world of different ways of love between couples, husbands and wives, or even mothers and children. For example, in the poem, â€Å"Leaving the Motel†, are two secret lovers sharing their love after an afternoon sexual encounter, while in † After Making Love We Hear Footsteps†, the presence of the couple’s child perfect the family love. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparative or any similar topic only for you Order Now Thus, different poet will interpret the same topic distinctly. Reading through these two poems, the very first difference that I observe is the tone used in the poem. In â€Å"Leaving the Motel†, everything seems to go so fast, and the speaker keeps looking from here to there carefully and sprightly. Besides, the large uses of enjambment indicates that the actions shouldn’t include any pauses and must be done all the way until everything is in the right position, such as the following lines quoted below, Check: is the second bed Unreeled, as agreed? Landlords have to think ahead In case of need, (lines 5-8) Beside the enjambments used in lines, find out that author ingeniously utilized the enjambment between paragraphs such as paragraph 5 to paragraph 6: We’ve paid. Still, should such things get lonely, An aspirin to preserve Our lilacs, the wayside flowers (lines 19-22) Leave in their vase And from above, it’s dawn on me that though they eager to express the true feelings in their minds, they failed to do so. As the tone shift, the word â€Å"still† in line 19 and the truth that â€Å"A few more hours; / That’s all† (lines 24-25) reveals nothing could actually last. This kind of erotic love contained not only worrying but also guilt, because the love can’t be preserved as long as possible and can’t be confirmed under the sun. This tone is much different with the other poem, â€Å"After Making Love We heard Footsteps†. At the beginning of the first stanza, For I can snore like a bullhorn or play loud music or sit up talking with any reasonably sober Irishman (lines 1-3) these lines portray a lighthearted tone. Later author put down the sweet sex of the couple, describing the sounds of the progress in lines 6 and 7, â€Å"but let there e that heavy breathing / or a stifled come-cry anywhere in the house†. In contrast with the brisk and short tone in â€Å"Leaving the Motel†, it is rather meticulous and enthusiastic. Likewise, the tones secretly shift as the third person shows up, the emergence of a little boy. At first, consider the image of boys insecurity in such a big house would be a bad interruption in a negative light, as the boy leaves a question, â€Å"Are you loving and snuggling? May join? † (line 16) But I am utterly wrong as the tone showing me the love the parents hold for their child. In second stanza, which I considered the most touching and convincing one, when speaker said, â€Å"this one whom habit of memory propels to the ground of his making (line 22) and this blessing love gives again into our arms. † (line 24), they pick up the meaning of sex and it is through the progress that their child came to the family. Hence, the word â€Å"love† in line 24 carries two meanings. One is sex of love and the other is the child of love. Except the tone and internal form, we may also find details about the poems. How to cite Comparative, Papers

Ethical and Legal Implications Assurance †Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Ethical and Legal Implications Assurance. Answer: Introduction: The practice of health care is not limited to the legal world view. In health care practice delivery is bound to me across legal process and boundaries, which questions our actions legally by law. Health care practice has no upper hand with regards to judicial process. Judicial laws have relevance in the health care practice. Law are guidelines which serve the purpose of orderliness in the society and bring sobriety. Laws and regulation serve the purpose of providing orderliness behaviour in collective society. Laws are part of an institutionalized, adjudication and enforcement of law and order. Laws can originate from different sources this includes, parliamentary laws. In most states, parliaments are the principles organs of legislation. For laws to be enacted they have to follow various proceedings in the parliament to achieve that that. Health care structure statutory is currently present to serve the purpose of ensuring medical services are brought into directed responsibility f or the government. The legal contributing factors play key role in managing of the health care services for the people. Human rights review serves the purpose to protect the rights of various groups of people. In UK, they protect the fundamental rights of people by introducing human rights convention. The human rights review process illegalises authority or persons using functions of public nature to act in ways that incompatible with human rights review unless they are under different review process or relevant statutory provisions which the relevant authority could act in a different way. The human rights review serves the purpose of ensuring that services are given rightfully of the people. The public authority has the mandate to include various stakeholders in the management of health services, (Baker et al., 2014). Judicial Committee of Privy Council The judicial committee of the Privy Council serve the purpose in respect for various actions committed in health care. The court commission is made up of councillors with senior management positions, appellate jurisdiction for decisions made in the disciplinary committee of the general medical council and other relevant health related bodies including the civil and criminal sections with view of common wealth country partnerships. Human rights review serves the interests of the people. Values adjudicated by human rights principles serve the basis for provision of health care, the right to live, and equality and may more have been the basis for health care development for people and medical world. The health and practitioners and tribunal commission serve the purpose of determining disciplinary actions for the staff bought against them by the public or any offended party..t he tribunal sole mandate is to offer disciplinary proceeding for those offended in the practice of health care, (Collins, 2006). The disability commission serve the purpose of promoting the rights of disable people. Its key focus areas includes protection from violence and abuse, providing equal education and mental illness health for the people and the rights of the elderly towards access to Medicare, (ALRC, 2014). The privacy commission in New Zealand serves the purpose of serving the public and private sector. It is entrusted with the task of protecting information are that are relevant. The commission main functions are, investigating complains, codes of practice adherence, comparing information, advice on privacy impact assessments, making consultation with other agencies and information disclosure process. Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal The commission hears and discharges duties on matter of disciplinary against medical practitioners in the health sector. The tribunal serve a range of professions in the health care. The basis of the law is on health and competence and assurance of staff in the health sector, (HPCA, 2013.) In this law, organisations and individual persons have the privacy duty to care for themselves and each other, affected by the activities done. In case of any break up proceedings can be initiated on individuals who may sue for damages or defamations using the civil law, due to any injury caused by the other person,(Stroumsa, 2014). However in pressing for this proceedings to continue there is need for the injured person to show that the defendant had the sole mandate to take necessary care process to prevent damage, and that have suffered injury from the same process. The victim in this case has the opportunity to provide the evidence he has against the paramedic , on his role of negligence, on the other part the injure person has the duty to show the category of injury obtained and the damaged cases to himself, which was foreseeable result to himself after the breach of duty to care. The bearing liability for such issues is the matter left solely for the courts. With view of all the circumstances if the case and actions and standards it is reasonable to reciprocate from each other. If the courts decide that particular claim don have any liability, then it will be automatic reaction of the case or it can also adjust damages costs to reflect any mistakes of negligence on the part affected person. The party who is aggrieved can make claim that the victim has really committed the act by production of evidence and proof of facts. If this is not done, the claim stands no ground for standing the criminal liability. The aggrieved patient on the case has to precede the evidence he has, majorly from the circulated the post and use that as basis on building factual evidential information. Evidences available must discharge the burden of proof ultimate facts,(Furrow et al., 2014) Standard of proof assessment needs to point on standard of proof is the extent of burden. In criminal proceedings, standard of proof is beyond any reasonable doubt that may occur. Standard of proof may be adjudicated solely upon evidential circumstance. In this case the paramedic and the victim have to that paramedic shared the information without his knowledge in a reasonable doubt. The victim in this case the patient has the rights to raise his grievances and present in court for the purpose of proof the burdens ad hearing the evidential information he will provide against the paramedic. The courts will determine the evidence for any reason o doubt before offering any next step proceedings. The patient has the burden of proof to show how the paramedic intercepted the picture and sent to third party without and play claim for the paramedic officer. If he has the evidence, which is available, that that the paramedic really circulated the pictures, then he would have passed the burden of proof benchmarks. The burden of proof lies with the patient, as he has to justify and correlate effectively the actions done but paramedic staff beyond any evidence circumstance. All case is built on allegations that have to be proven. In court system, criminal case referred to as information indictment and civil case in which statement is laid on statement of claim. The case issue in this matter is the paramedic officer is liable to criminal proceedings and the victim has the mandate to put forward burden of proof and evidential burden to link him with his actions which has caused damage to him, (Gostine Sridhar, 2014). South Africa Consumer Policy Framework The implementation of policy legislation in South Africa on draft green paper on consumer policy framework in 09/02 aimed at driving competiveness ands boosting consumer confidence and business excellence. In implementing this act it bases its evidence on the fact consumer protection as an integral part of modern, effective and efficient market place. It attributes to confident consumers driving competitiveness. The apartheid effect in South Africa in South Africa has significant impact on consumers; there is urgent need to promote values of equity on consumption of goods and services and to provide vulnerable consumers with rights of direction of redress. With the government playing key, role, it lead to introduction of social and economic policies such as reconstruction and development program and the employment distribution network as a way of mitigating and redressing these effects. Key short comings are that they need to be improved including access to consumer based on the raci al discrimination analogy; this can be eradicated by putting in place laws that guarantee equality and ensure the implementation to the latter, (Rowe Moodley, 2013). The consumer protection Act of 2007 provides a legal basis for protecting the consumers through various measures, which incorporate compliance effectiveness, consumer legislations and code of practice and enforcement measures. The consumer protection act criminalizes the shop owners or the retailer for falsifying information on goods and service is in order to get more earning and profit margins. The Act provides prohibition for services which harm the consumer. The misleading information includes the following, misleading practice, which it involves providing false and misleading and deceptive information on the consumers. Adverts and displays which give none factual information, the consumer protection act bans engagement of aggressive practices like harassment or coercion from any key sector or person. Consumer Act directive has compliance procedures on how to comply with it. They include avoiding engaging in prohibit commercial services, commercial services available has to fair, not misleading and non invasive. I advocate s for fair term in the standard contracts and compliance with international regulatory bodies. Penalties imposed on breach of these laws include prosecution, provision, compliances notices and fixed payment notices. Issue concerning the law has seen measures put in place to cushion consumers as manufactures and consumers sell defective products to un suspecting clients for the benefit of profits, (Joubert, 2011). The consumer rights Act of 2015 sets out the framework that consolidates key consumer rights over goods and services relating to fair terms. It also provides fair terms for consumers and enterprises to a challenge anti competitive behaviour and consolidates power for breaches of counter law. The law applies to trader and consumer and trader by respecting the rights. The act in relation to digital content covers the rights which consumers have over control of these services in their possession. Legal lessons for Health Care Practice As an effective manager in health care practice it is important to get equipped with basic formal legal and ethical principles that play key role in impacting the work environment and the relationship amongst the organization and the consumers who is the patient at the health facility. There is need for practice of ethical behaviors which describes the right things to be done, even though not put under legislation, they should be outlined as the challenges affecting the health care are immense and difficult challenges posses ethical dilemmas for the health care practice, (Buriss, et al., 2010). As an health care administrator, not a registered medical profession, there is need to educate the employees to be informed on the concept s of civil and criminal laws, ethics in the work place and the provider patient information regarding his/her diagnosis state. The basic concepts as outlined in various laws include safety hazards in the work place, workplace ethics amongst self and employees, criminal health laws, health organizations code of conduct and ethics for the public. Health care environment should be regulated. The providers, funders and regulators alike are affected by legislations passed, (Miller, 2006a). Law is categorized as a set of rules for enabling smooth running of organizations. Laws are implemented in order to reduce the standard of action. In health care practice, the existence of civil and criminal law plays a crucial role in health care administration. Civil law has its focus on the wrongful doings against the health institutions and individuals, they wrongful acts or doings which result in various forms of health care practices. Criminal laws are responsible for actions that are illegal based on the decisions by the court. Conviction in criminal case involves prove beyond reasonable doubt of guilt, like the case example of Medicare and Medicaid fraud, (Miller, 2006b). In health care practice there can arise cases or issue like negligence, which happens when a provider dont give appropriate care that eventually causes damage to the patient. Other forms may take shape like assaults and battery, a case example is when surgeon performs a theater process without seeking consent from the patient. Privacy invasion in the health care setting happens when information of the patient forms a major issue. Currently many medical malpractices are being encountered. Many wrong doings are happening to individual health care organizations. Medical malpractices like torts are on the rise. Different forms have taken shape. In the case study, there issues related to negligence which entails the paramedic being negligent of the patient status and confidentiality and sharing the status of the patient without the consent of the patient. Intentional torts are evident in the case study. There is an invasion of privacy of the patient by the paramedic and the friend; this unethical in the sense that, the patient would have wished his information and status not to be shared hence he is discontented with the act of paramedic. As a health care administrator, there is need to ensure that my practices is litigiously informed and training be based on how to deal with patients in conformity to legal issue that may arise and the ethical concerns available. There is need to facilitate training of employees and staff in relation to workplace related healthcare legislation. References Australian Law Reform Commission. (2014). Equality, Capacity and Disability in Commonwealth Laws: Summary Report. Australian Law Reform Commission. Baker, R., Beauchamp, T. L., Boylan, M., Gert, B., Gostin, L. O., Ito, A., ... Tong, R. (2014). Global Bioethics and Human Rights: Contemporary Issues. Burris, S., Wagenaar, A. C., Swanson, J., Ibrahim, J. K., Wood, J., Mello, M. M. (2010). Making the Case for Laws That Improve Health: A Framework for Public Health Law Research. The Milbank Quarterly, 88(2), 169210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2010.00595.x Collins, D. (2006). New Zealand's Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal. L., 25, 249. Collins, D. (2006). New Zealand's Health Practitioners Disciplinary Tribunal. L., 25, 249. Furrow, B., Greaney, T., Johnson, S., Jost, T., Schwartz, R. (2014). Health law. West Academic. Gostin, L. O., Sridhar, D. (2014). Global health and the law. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(18), 1732-1740. "Health Practitioners Competence Assurance Act 2003 No 48 (as at 01 August 2011), Public Act New Zealand Legislation". legislation.govt.nz. 2011. Retrieved 02/02/2017 Joubert, E. P., Botha, M. M. (2011). Does the consumer protection act 68 of 2008 provide for strict product liability?-a comparative analysis. Miller, R. (2006a). Problems in health care law (9th). Sadbury, MA:Jones and Bartlett Publishers, p1. Miller, R. (2006b). Problems in health care law (9th). Sadbury, MA:Jones and Bartlett Publishers, p86. Stroumsa, D. (2014). The state of transgender health care: policy, law, and medical frameworks. American journal of public health, 104(3), e31-e38 Rowe, K., Moodley, K. (2013). Patients as consumers of health care in South Africa: the ethical and legal implications. BMC medical ethics, 14(1), 15.

Tok - Knowledge Issue - Culture and Personality free essay sample

Nabeel Ellahi Focused Knowledge Issue: To what extent does culture have an effect on an individual? In brief terms, culture is the way of life for an individual; it decides how they will communicate with the world and how they will see the world. We will write a custom essay sample on Tok Knowledge Issue Culture and Personality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The culture a person is born into provides them with guidelines to life; giving them characteristics, including psychological characteristics. It will define whether the person will be aggressive or passive, independent or collaborative. These examples go on and in the end it will define the person. Culture will also fixate the individual into a specific group; this would be a stranger’s first impression of the individual. The group includes society, gender, ethnicity, age or even class. Since culture puts individuals into groups, individuals will find themselves amongst people who share the same values and beliefs. These values and beliefs play a very important role in our lives because, firstly it will distinguish us from the rest of the world and most importantly it will be the main factor which shapes our way of thinking; in other terms, how we see the world. This factor can also be seen negatively, culture can be a way to fall into a stereotype category. When we are stereotyped, it would be a general assumption by people on what kind of person we are and our personality overall. Stereotyping a specific cultural group can result in various effects on individuals in that community. For example, if there is a stereotype that women have to be thin, this will affect an individual girl, lowering her self-esteem by a lot; this might not seem problematic at the beginning but in the long run it becomes life threatening. This kind of affect is called internalization; or people taking the idea imposed by others on their culture personally. As mentioned earlier, culture affects the individuals way of seeing the world, better said, how they think of the world; what do they notice when they see something new, or how people from different culture’s would respond to the same thing; this defines our values. There was a test conducted in which the chosen people underwent brain scans to check their response to the same thing. The people chosen were half from the east (China) and the other half from the west. When the words related to individuality was shown, both groups had increased activity in the prefrontal cortex, but the eastern group had more activity when words related to family were shown. This is a great representation of how culture affects the way we shape out our values; to the westerners the idea of individuality was more interesting, on the other hand the easterners had more interest to family. Moving on, culture and background has a physical-psychological effect on an individual as well. This is relating to the regional background people have come from; this is important because it reflects the way they were raised and what they were taught when they were younger, overall this makes a person what they are. If a person came from an area with a lot of poverty and violence, then they will live the rest of their lives in fear and never be confident; this trait can be passed down to their children. On the other hand if a person comes from a cultural background where the state is flourishing, there is security and many more facilities, the person will majority of the time have a â€Å"can-do† attitude; or a positive attitude which will encourage them to do even greater things. The difference between the two people would be that; relating to a famous quote â€Å"is the glass half-full or half-empty†, the one which is insecure will say the glass is half-empty, as they have seen negative things throughout their lives and is unsure, on the other hand the person coming from a very enthusiastic background would say the glass is half-full.